Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is a psychoactive substance that comes from the Cannabis sativa plant. The cannabis plant contains over 125 chemical compounds called cannabinoids, including delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Delta-9 THC is the most abundant compound in the cannabis plant, and it is responsible for its mind-altering effects. Cannabis can be smoked, vaped, eaten, or used in oils and tinctures. While both medical and recreational cannabis use are now legal in Illinois for adults 21 and over, cannabis use can negatively impact the mind and body, especially when used by adolescents and young adults.
What is cannabis?
A sense of euphoria or being “high”
Altered perception of time and surroundings
Impaired memory and concentration
Difficulty thinking clearly or making decisions
Lack of coordination and slower reaction time
Increased heart rate
Anxiety, paranoia, or panic (especially with high THC levels)
Increased appetite
Short-term effects of cannabis use
How does cannabis affect the brain and body?
Whether cannabis is smoked, vaped, or eaten, the main active compound that causes the substance’s mind-altering effects is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). When THC enters the brain, it binds to receptors called cannabinoid receptors, which are primarily found in the nervous and immune systems. The binding of THC molecules to these receptors causes many different effects because they are present in many areas of the brain. The specific areas of the brain affected are shown in the graphic below.
Cannabis use in adolescence
Is cannabis addictive?
YES, cannabis can be addictive! While the recent increase in cannabis legalization in the U.S. has led many to believe that cannabis is not an addictive substance, cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a real and diagnosable condition. People with CUD may find it difficult to stop using cannabis even when it negatively impacts their daily life, health, relationships, or responsibilities.
According to the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), among people aged 12 or older, 6.8% (or 19.2 million people) had CUD in the past year. The percentage of people with a past year CUD was highest among young adults aged 18 to 25 (16.6% or 5.6 million people). The risk of developing CUD is stronger in those who begin using cannabis before age 18.
Using more cannabis than intended
Trying but failing to quit using cannabis
Spending a lot of time using cannabis
Craving cannabis
Using cannabis even though it causes problems at home, school, or work
Continuing to use cannabis despite social or relationship problems
Giving up important activities with friends and family in favor of using cannabis
Using cannabis in high-risk situations, such as while driving a car
Continuing to use cannabis despite physical or psychological problems
Needing to use more cannabis to get the same high
Cannabis products marketed to youth
youth perceptions of cannabis use